Motricidade

Abstract Medical ethicists have questioned the use of no-treatment controlled studies (placebo and sham procedure) of new therapies when safe and effective standard therapies are available for use as an active or “equivalence” control. Currently, ethical and conduct principles for biomedical research specifically prohibit projects that do not make or deny the “best-proven diagnosis and therapeutic treatment” to any participant in a clinical trial, including individuals who consent to randomisation into a control group. Studies of psychophysiological therapies are often criticised for not having a placebo or sham treatment control group. In sports science research, particularly in the case of clinical exercise, the use of control groups also raises ethical questions. This article briefly reviews the problem and discusses the ethical standards governing human research derived from the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.

RESUMO O presente estudo apresenta os seguintes objetivos: i) verificar os indicadores de performance das equipes do Campeonato Brasileiro Série A dos anos de 2015 a 2019 em relação às distâncias viajadas para as partidas; ii) comparar a pontuação conquistada por partida de acordo com a qualidade do adversário e distância viajada. A amostra analisada consiste em todos os jogos do Campeonato Brasileiro série A de 2015 a 2019. Os dados foram coletados no site InStatScout (InStat Limited, Limerick, Irlanda), foi utilizado o site da CBF para consultar o local da partida e a qualidade das equipes (CBF). As distâncias viajadas em linha reta foram calculadas em um site especializado (Cidade Mapa). Os resultados demonstraram que as equipes que não viajaram apresentaram melhores índices de desempenho ofensivos e defensivos (p< 0.001) e maior pontuação por partida (p< 0.001). As equipes que fizeram viagens muito longas (> 1.000 km) apresentaram maiores déficits nos índices de desempenho (p< 0.001). As equipes ganharam menos pontos por partida quando enfrentaram adversários de alta qualidade (p< 0.001) e, parece que essa pontuação diminuiu ainda mais com viagens muito longas (p< 0.001). Assim, a logística de viagem parece ser fundamental e pode ser mais um fator a ser considerado pelas comissões técnicas ao planejar as cargas de treinamento e as estratégias para os jogos.Abstract The present study presents the following objectives: i) verify the performance indicators of the teams of the Brazilian Championship A Series from the years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 regarding the distances travelled to the matches; ii) compare the score achieved per match according to the quality of the opponent and distance travelled. All games of the Brazilian Championship Series A of 2015 until 2019 were considered for sample. The data were collected on the InStatScout website (InStat Limited, Limerick, Ireland); the CBF website was used to consult the match venue and the quality of the teams. The distances travelled in a straight line were calculated on a specialized website. The results showed that the teams that did not travel presented better offensive and defensive performance indexes (p< 0.001) and higher scores per match (p< 0.001). The teams that made long trips (> 1,000 km) showed greater deficits in performance indices (p< 0.001). Teams tended to earn fewer points per match when facing high-quality opponents (p< 0.001), and the score decreased with long trips (p< 0.001). Thus, travel logistics are fundamental and another factor to be considered by the technical committees when planning the training loads and strategies for the matches.

RESUMO O jogo de futebol é caracterizado por exigências físicas diversas e alta prevalência de lesões musculoesqueléticas (LM). O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a prevalência e características de LM entre jovens praticantes de futebol. A casuística consistiu em 176 participantes com 10-17 anos de idade, os quais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos etários: Sub-11; Sub-13; Sub-15; e Sub-17. Além de informações demográficas e antropométricas, foram coletados de casos retrospectivos de LM. O grupo Sub-17 revelou as maiores taxas de ocorrência de LM retrospectiva. O grupo Sub-11 registrou a maior taxa de LM por participante lesionado (46.2%); 50 casos (62.5%) durante treinamentos. Membros inferiores foram os principais locais de instalação de lesões, com 66 casos (82.5%), e tornozelo/pé foi o segmento anatômico com maior prevalência (45.5%). Houve maior predomínio de LM não-traumáticas, com 44 casos (55%), e maior ocorrência de casos de natureza leve, com 49 casos (61.3%). A maioria dos casos envolveu retorno assintomático às atividades de treino, totalizando 57 casos (71.3%); 62 casos (77.5%) ocorreram sem a necessidade de suporte médico ou terapêutico. A prevalência de LM entre jovens praticantes de futebol envolveu agravos em membros inferiores na região de tornozelo/pé, de severidade leve e não requereram tratamento.Abstract Soccer performance is characterized by diverse athletic demands and a high prevalence of sports injuries (SI). The current study aimed to describe the prevalence and sports injury characteristics among young soccer players. Casuistry was constituted of 10-17 aged soccer players who were divided into four (4) age groups: Sub-11; Sub-13; Sub-15; and Sub-17. Demographic and anthropometric parameters, as well as retrospective SI, were collected as dependent variables. Sub-17 exhibited higher SI cases prevalence, and Sub-11 reported greater SI incidence by injured participants (46.2%); 50 cases (62.5%) derived from training sessions. Inferior limbs were the main anatomical sites of SI onset, and ankle/foot constituted the main region related by participants (45.5%). In terms of mechanisms, non-traumatic SI were the more prevalently related (55%). Likewise, the asymptomatic return was more commonly reported, totalizing 57 cases (71.3%). In conclusion, SI prevalence among young soccer players consisted of light cases on inferior limb sites in the ankle/foot and non-associated with medical support.

Abstract The present study aimed to analyse the associations between spatiotemporal characteristics of the setting and the origin of the ball in terms of the game complexes for junior female volleyball teams. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis were applied to analyse 3.675 setting actions (Complex I= 1.593, Complex II= 2.082) in the final phase of the Greek Junior Championship. Results showed that the origin of the ball from the left lane of the court eases the setter for an accurate setting during CI while passing from the right lane incommodes the setter during CII. Regarding setting zone, for accurate setting, odds are increased by 3.2 for zone 4 during CI while decreased by 23.8 for zone 3 during CII. The junior setters’ distribution of setting is predictable and creates favourable conditions for the opponent to deal with it. The improvement of junior female setters’ ability to follow the team’s offensive tactic regardless of the ball’s origin, to manipulate passes received from the right lane of the court during CII and the acceleration of setting tempo for the wing hitters could be training goals for coaches.