Revista de Economia del Caribe

RESUMO A pobreza multidimensional está associada à teoria da pobreza e desenvolvimento humano de Amartya Sen. Uma das metodologias mais utilizadas para estimá-la, bem como determinar suas múltiplas privações é o Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM), desenvolvido por Sabina Alkire e James Foster. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito da pandemia da Covid-19 sobre a evolução da pobreza multidimensional no Paraguai para o período 2016-2020. Os resultados demonstram que os programas sociais ajudaram a reduzir os efeitos negativos da Covid-19, diminuindo o IPM, particularmente no caso das privações relacionadas a práticas inadequadas ou falta de serviços de eliminação de resíduos, além de pessoas doentes ou acidentadas sem acesso a cuidados de saúde. Por outro lado, as privações correspondentes a superlotação e desemprego aumentaram com o advento da pandemia e se mostraram pouco sensíveis aos efeitos dos programas sociais implementados.ABSTRACT Multidimensional poverty is associated with Amartya Sen's theory of poverty and human development. One of the most widely used methodologies to estimate it, as well as determine its multiple deprivations is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), developed by Alkire and Foster. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the evolution of multidimensional poverty in Paraguay for the period 2016-2020. The results show that social programs helped reduce the negative effects of Covid-19 by decreasing the MPI, particularly in the case of deprivations related to inadequate practices or lack of waste disposal services, in addition to sick or injured people without access to health care. On the other hand, the deprivations corresponding to overcrowding and unemployment increased with the advent of the pandemic and proved to be poorly responsive to the effects of the implemented social programs. JEL Codes: I30, I31, I32.

RESUMEN Este estudio analiza la relación entre corrupción y crecimiento económico en una muestra de 19 países de América Latina durante el periodo 1998-2018 mediante un análisis de datos de panel. Se estiman los efectos directos e indirectos de la corrupción en la tasa de crecimiento del PIB. Después de controlar por una serie de factores económicos y sociopolíticos, los resultados confirman la relación negativa entre corrupción y crecimiento económico.ABSTRACT This study analyzes the relationship between corruption and economic growth in a sample of 19 Latin American countries during the period 1998-2018 through a panel data analysis. The direct and indirect effects of corruption on the GDP growth rate are estimated. After controlling for a series of economic and sociopolitical factors, the results confirm the negative correlation between corruption and economic growth.

RESUMEN Jamaica ha presentado un crecimiento económico muy lento durante las últimas tres décadas, con disrupciones en 2004 y 2007 cuando la isla fue impactada por los huracanes Iván y Dean, respectivamente. Este trabajo de investigación estima el efecto a largo plazo de ambos huracanes en el PIB per cápita de Jamaica mediante el método de control sintético propuesto por Abadie y Gardeázabal (2003). Con este control sintético, se logró replicar en ambos casos las trayectorias del crecimiento económico de la isla, para los períodos anteriores a dichos huracanes; es decir, se solaparon las trayectorias del PIB per cápita de Jamaica real con sus contrafactuales sintéticos. Lo que permitió estimar una que disminución del PIB per cápita promedio de 737 y 1 403 USD, respectivamente, para los mencionados huracanes, en los diez años posteriores al evento. Al converger ambos efectos, se obtiene un impacto negativo total promedio de USD 2 140 durante el período 2007 -2017. Con este estudio se contribuye a la evidencia empírica de que los desastres naturales tienen efectos negativos y persistentes en el crecimiento económico de Jamaica, debido a que en el intervalo de tiempo analizado no logró recuperar el nivel de crecimiento que tenía antes de los eventos.ABSTRACT Jamaica has exhibited very slow economic growth over the last three decades, with disruptions in 2004 and 2007 when the island was impacted by hurricanes Ivan and Dean respectively. This research paper estimates the long-run effect of both hurricanes on Jamaica's GDP per capita using the synthetic control method proposed by Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003). With this synthetic control, it was possible to replicate in both cases the islands economic growth trajectories for the periods prior to hurricanes Ivan and Dean, in other words, the trajectories of Jamaicas real GDP per capita overlapped with their synthetic counterfactuals. This allowed us to estimate a decline in average GDP per capita 737 and 1 403 USD for Hurricanes Ivan and Dean, respectively, in the ten years following the event. By converging both effects, we obtain an average total negative impact of USD 2,140 during the period 2007 -2017. This study contributes to the empirical evidence that natural disasters have negative and persistent effects on Jamaica>s economic growth, due to the fact that in the time interval analyzed it did not manage to recover the level of growth it had before the events.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo central determinar la existencia de integración espacial entre los mercados de leche cruda del departamento del Atlántico, con los departamentos de Antioquia y Cundinamarca. Para ello, se examinó el precio pagado al productor de leche cruda por parte de la industria procesadora láctea. Este es un precio regulado y constituido por elementos que son comunes a las regiones productoras, y otros que recogen aspectos propios de cada una de ellas, tales como las diferencias en calidad y dinámicas regionales de mercado. Fueron aplicadas técnicas econométricas de cointegración lineal y cointegración con umbrales. Los resultados muestran la existencia de una relación de largo plazo para los precios totales pagados al productor de leche cruda, la cual está dominada por los aspectos regulatorios que determinan un precio base común entre regiones. No hay evidencia de relación de largo plazo para la parte del precio asociada con las dinámicas regionales de mercado. Estos resultados no permiten afirmar de manera categórica que los mercados regionales de leche cruda están integrados espacialmente.ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to determine the existence of spatial integration between the raw milk markets of the department of Atlántico and the departments of Antioquia and Cundinamarca. To this end, the price paid to the raw milk producer by the dairy processing industry was examined. Tis is a regulated price and is made up of elements that are common to the producing regions, and others that reflect aspects specific to each of them, such as differences in quality and regional market dynamics. Econometric techniques of linear cointegration and cointegration with thresholds were applied. Te results show the existence of a long-run relationship for total prices paid to the raw milk producer, which is dominated by regulatory aspects that determine a common base price between regions. Tere is no evidence of a long-term relationship for the part of the price associated with regional market dynamics. Tese results do not allow us to state categorically that regional raw milk markets are spatially integrated. JEL: D4, Q18.