Revista Precedente

Legal regulation and practical issues of ensuring of rights of victims under the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine are considered in the article. The criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine lacks legal regulation of the mandatory participation of a lawyer representing the victim in criminal proceedings. This situation puts the participants of proceedings in an unequal position. Victims during the trial and in court are unable to properly defend their legitimate interests due to lack of legal awareness. The authors also state that the participation of the victim’s representative in the conclusion of the conciliation agreement should be mandatory. The cases in which victims can receive free legal aid have been analyzed. It is proposed to define the cases of mandatory participation of the representative of victims in the current legislation of Ukraine.

En Colombia, la Ley 1480 del 2011 incluye varios beneficios para los consumidores que no incorporan una relación taxativa con los límites de su ejercicio, por lo que su uso puede violar el principio pacta sunt servanda. Esta ley contiene algunas prerrogativas que desbordan las relaciones de consumo, pues trae consigo vacíos jurídicos que violentan los derechos de los productores y proveedores en Colombia, como la ausencia de parámetros y límites sólidos que permitan diferenciar una relación de consumo de una relación comercial. Sin perjuicio de lo anterior, este artículo se refiere específicamente al derecho de retracto y sus consecuencias. Se pretende estudiar si el retracto contenido en el artículo 47 de la Ley 1480 de 2011 está alineado con otras disposiciones del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y si esta potestad desdibuja la autonomía de la voluntad de las partes. Finalmente, se proponen algunos criterios que pueden ser utilizados por el legislador para reglamentar de manera más adecuada el derecho a retracto.

Este artículo de reflexión describe las diferentes olas de participación ciudadana que se presentaron en el proceso constituyente de 1991. Inicia con el movimiento estudiantil de 1989, continúa con el gran debate nacional que tuvo como escenario las mesas de trabajo y las comisiones preparatorias y finaliza con la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, la más pluralista y multicultural de la historia nacional. Concluye que la Constitución Política de 1991 surgió de un proceso constituyente inédito, que cambió la forma de hacer las constituciones en Colombia.

This article reflects on one of the challenges Gerald Postema’s account of the autonomy thesis poses to Raz’s pre-emption thesis in judicial practice and precedent. Certain flaws in the pre-emption thesis, as applied to courts, come to light upon analyzing the autonomy challenge, whereas some aspects of the former are better understood from the perspective of the latter. This work shows that, although these two theses seem to clash, the autonomy challenge leads instead to an alternative approach to the pre-emption thesis that allows exploring some disregarded relationships between judicial practical reasoning and precedent. Drawing from this Raz-Postema debate, I argue for an alternative reading of the autonomy challenge by introducing the hermeneutic strategy of courts (HeSCo) as a tool to analyze the role of officials as addressees of exclusionary legal directives and its explanatory force. The HeSCo ultimately unravels the paradox by holding the pre-emption thesis as central to the proper understanding of judicial practice and precedent.

Land ownership issues are especially important due to the historical experience of land nationalization of Ukrainian peasants. The sphere of land relations in Ukraine has undergone a process of constant reform since the country’s independence. At the present stage, the abolition of the moratorium on the transfer of ownership of agricultural land is historic for Ukrainian citizens. In consequence, the clarity and transparency of legal procedures for the transfer of land ownership to citizens of Ukraine become particularly relevant. In connection with the European vector of Ukraine’s development and gradual economic integration with the European Union countries that have experience in the agricultural land market, it is important to find an appropriate legal model for regulating the circulation of agricultural land in Ukraine, using the experience of the European Union. Land lease relations, as a main means of using agricultural lands for a long time in Ukraine, are considered in the article. The adopted Law of Ukraine “On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine concerning the circulation of agricultural lands” is analyzed. According to its provisions, the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land was finally canceled, which allowed landowners to freely dispose of their property. In the article, it is also proved that the main prospects for the development and functioning of the land market in Ukraine are: 1) foreign investment in Ukraine, 2) the possibility of free disposal of agricultural land plots, 3) attracting additional resources for local communities, 4) stimulating the agricultural sector, 5) increasing the efficiency of production on land.