Salud Mental

Callous unemotional traits (CUT) are described as stable characteristics in children and adolescents with conduct disorders (CD), and the presence of these traits has been associated with more aggressive and persistent manifestations across life span (Frick & White, 2008). CUT denomination was modified to help reduce the stigma associated with this name, and it is now known as Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE). LPE characteristics appear to identify an etiologically distinct group of children and adolescents with CD who are at a heightened risk for future maladjustment (Colins, Fanti, & Andershed, 2021).

Background. Fear of cancer recurrence is one of the most distressing psychological consequences in cancer survivors and their informal primary caregivers (IPC). IPC of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are often their mothers, which could intensify fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and its impact on both IPC and CCS. However, the phenomenon has not been widely described in this specific population. Objective. To summarize and analyze current evidence on the evaluation and management of FCR among IPC of CCS. Method. A narrative review of studies included in four databases (PsycInfo, Medline, CINALH, and Web of Science) with no language or year of publication restrictions. Results. Measures specifically developed to assess FCR among IPC of CCS comprising an interview and a questionnaire with initial psychometric evaluations and two short, online intervention programs based on cognitive-behavioral-contextual therapy were identified (ENGAGE and CASCAdE). Both have demonstrated acceptability in parents of CCS in high-income countries; preliminary evidence also exists of the effectivity of CASCAdE in reducing FCR. Discussion and conclusion. Given the limitations of this area of psychological evaluation, the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, originally developed for adult cancer survivors, constitutes the most suitable tool for evaluating FCR among IPC of CCS. The CASCAdE program seems a promising intervention for IPC of CSS, although cultural adaptations, evaluations of its acceptability in low- and middle-income countries, and controlled studies in large samples are still required.

Introduction. Adolescents are the group with the highest risk of developing disordered eating behaviors (DEB). Preventing this problem is of the utmost importance due to the physical and psychological consequences. Objective. To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention program for disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin ideal internalization (TII), drive for muscularity (DM), and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican adolescents. Method. A quasi-experimental study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test, six-month, and one-year follow-up) was carried out in a non-probabilistic sample of 523 adolescents (46.7% of females) aged 15-19 years (Mage = 16.07). We worked in two private high schools, one of them was designed as control group (CG), and the other as intervention group (IG). For both, female and male adolescents’, data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors (BQDEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). To evaluate TII the Attitudes toward Body Figure Questionnaire was applied in females, while in males Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) was used. Results. After one-year, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction of the mean DEBs scores both in female (p = .01) and male (p = .03) adolescents of the IG with respect to CG. In IG, females decreased significantly the mean TII score as well as the mean DM score in males. Physical Activity increased in IG females from pre-test to posttest; however, the effect was not maintained over time. Discussion and conclusion. These findings have important implications for future interventions with Mexican adolescents. We must take sex differences into account to choose activities and strategies that will enhance the effects of the program.

Introduction. Indigenous populations are considered a vulnerable minority and have characteristics such as poverty, difficulties to access food, housing, and educational backwardness; these conditions make them prone to alcohol consumption problems. Dependence on alcohol consumption probably arises as a symbol of protest, challenge, and response to social anguish, which has in turn repercussions in marginal population sectors that have conditions of fragility due to exploitation and discrimination, such as indigenous people. Objective. To know the effect of perceived discrimination on alcohol consumption in Mexican indigenous population. Method. Research design was descriptive, correlational check-model, with a sample of 362 adults from two indigenous communities. Results. A simple linear regression model was performed, which shows a significant effect in the entire model (F[248] = 78.312, p = .001), which explains 49% of the variance of alcohol consumption. A significant positive influence was also found from the perceived discrimination variable (β = .626, p < .001) on alcohol consumption. Discussion and conclusion. The studied indigenous communities had characteristics that the literature highlights as risk factors for developing addictive behaviors of alcohol consumption. These results coincide with those of the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous population present discrimination problems that are associated with alcohol consumption problems.

Introduction. Among the Peruvian population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, making it one of the main public health problems. There is also conflicting evidence on the association between increased BMI and depressive symptoms in the adult population. Objective. To determine the association between nutritional status (NS) and depressive symptoms (DS) in the Peruvian population. Method. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). We assessed the NS according to body mass index (BMI), grouped into normal weight (BMI = 18.50 - 24.99), overweight (BMI = 25.00 - 29.99), 1A obesity (BMI = 30.00 - 32.49), and 1B obesity (BMI ≥ 32.50). DS were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) instrument. A generalized linear model stratified by sex was constructed to calculate crude (cPRc) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios. Results. A total of 26,463 records of people aged 18-60 years were assessed, yielding a 6.3% prevalence of DS (≥ 10 points). Females had a higher frequency of DS than males, which increased depending on their NS: normal weight 7.8%, overweight 8.2%, 1A obesity 9.0%, and 1B obesity 12.0%. Likewise, in the multivariate analysis, women with 1B obesity reported a higher frequency of DS (aPR = 1.30; 95% CI = [1.03, 1.63]). Discussion and conclusion. There is a strong association between nutritional status and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women, with obese women being more likely to have depressive symptoms.