Nutrients, Vol. 17, Pages 2305: Associations Between Sleep, Appetite, and Food Reward over 6 Months in Black Emerging Adults—Findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes and Body Weight (SHOW) Pilot Study
Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu17142305
Authors:
Hannah R. Koch
Jesse N. L. Sims
Stephanie Pickett
Graham Finlayson
Laurie Wideman
Jessica McNeil
Background/Objectives: Imposed sleep restriction leads to increased feelings of appetite and hedonic eating behaviors (or food rewards). No study to date has assessed home-based measures of sleep with appetite and food rewards exclusively in Black emerging adults (ages 18–28 years), despite higher risks of short sleep and obesity in this population. We examined associations between 6-month changes in sleep with changes in appetite and food reward in Black emerging adults. Methods: Fifteen Black emerging adults (12 females; age, 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index, 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat, 25.8 ± 11.9%) completed two identical 7-day measurement bursts at baseline and 6 months. Sleep (duration, efficiency, and architecture) was captured via 7 days of actigraphy and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography. During a laboratory visit, participants completed appetite measures (desire to eat, hunger, fullness, and prospective food consumption) via visual analog scales before and for 3 h following standard breakfast intake. The food reward for the fat and sweet categories of food was measured before lunch with the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Results: Fasting fullness scores decreased from baseline to 6 months (−8.9 mm, p < 0.01) despite increases in body weight (2.6 kg, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03). Increases in actigraph-measured sleep duration were associated with decreases in fasting desire to eat (r = −0.58, p = 0.04). Increases in actigraph-measured sleep efficiency were also associated with decreases in explicit liking for sweet foods (r = −0.60, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that improvements in sleep duration and sleep efficiency may lead to decreased feelings of appetite and food reward in Black emerging adults.
Background/Objectives: Imposed sleep restriction leads to increased feelings of appetite and hedonic eating behaviors (or food rewards). No study to date has assessed home-based measures of sleep with appetite and food rewards exclusively in Black emerging adults (ages 18–28 years), despite higher risks of short sleep and obesity in this population. We examined associations between 6-month changes in sleep with changes in appetite and food reward in Black emerging adults. Methods: Fifteen Black emerging adults (12 females; age, 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index, 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat, 25.8 ± 11.9%) completed two identical 7-day measurement bursts at baseline and 6 months. Sleep (duration, efficiency, and architecture) was captured via 7 days of actigraphy and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography. During a laboratory visit, participants completed appetite measures (desire to eat, hunger, fullness, and prospective food consumption) via visual analog scales before and for 3 h following standard breakfast intake. The food reward for the fat and sweet categories of food was measured before lunch with the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Results: Fasting fullness scores decreased from baseline to 6 months (−8.9 mm, p < 0.01) despite increases in body weight (2.6 kg, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03). Increases in actigraph-measured sleep duration were associated with decreases in fasting desire to eat (r = −0.58, p = 0.04). Increases in actigraph-measured sleep efficiency were also associated with decreases in explicit liking for sweet foods (r = −0.60, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that improvements in sleep duration and sleep efficiency may lead to decreased feelings of appetite and food reward in Black emerging adults. Read More