Nutrients, Vol. 17, Pages 2381: Impact of Chronic Nitrate and Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Performance and Recovery in Spanish Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu17142381
Authors:
Marta Ramírez-Munera
Raúl Arcusa
Francisco Javier López-Román
Vicente Ávila-Gandía
Silvia Pérez-Piñero
Juan Carlos Muñoz-Carrillo
Antonio Jesús Luque-Rubia
Javier Marhuenda
Background: Pre-season training is critical for developing tolerance to high physical demands in professional soccer, and nitric oxide (NO) precursors such as dietary nitrate (NO3−) and citrulline malate (CM) can support performance and recovery during this demanding phase. This study aimed to examine the effects of a four-week supplementation protocol combining 500 mg of NO3− from amaranth extract and 8 g of CM (NIT + CM) on external training load and post-match recovery in professional female soccer players during pre-season. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 34 female soccer players who received either the NIT + CM product or a placebo for four weeks during pre-season. Global positioning system (GPS)-derived external load was recorded throughout the intervention. Performance tests—a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT)—and blood sampling for plasma NO3− and nitrite (NO2−) concentrations were conducted at baseline and the day after a competitive match. Results: The supplementation with NIT + CM increased maximal speed (Vmax) throughout training and match play. During post-match testing, the NIT + CM group exhibited a significantly smaller decline in mean (Pmean) and minimum (Pmin) power during the WAnT, along with reduced power loss in both the first (0–15 s) and second (15–30 s) intervals. Plasma NO3− concentrations significantly increased from baseline in the NIT + CM group and remained elevated 24 h after the final dose, confirming sustained systemic exposure. Conclusions: Chronic NIT + CM supplementation may enhance Vmax and help preserve anaerobic performance the day after a match. These effects could reflect improved tolerance to high training loads and sustained NO3− availability during recovery.
Background: Pre-season training is critical for developing tolerance to high physical demands in professional soccer, and nitric oxide (NO) precursors such as dietary nitrate (NO3−) and citrulline malate (CM) can support performance and recovery during this demanding phase. This study aimed to examine the effects of a four-week supplementation protocol combining 500 mg of NO3− from amaranth extract and 8 g of CM (NIT + CM) on external training load and post-match recovery in professional female soccer players during pre-season. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 34 female soccer players who received either the NIT + CM product or a placebo for four weeks during pre-season. Global positioning system (GPS)-derived external load was recorded throughout the intervention. Performance tests—a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT)—and blood sampling for plasma NO3− and nitrite (NO2−) concentrations were conducted at baseline and the day after a competitive match. Results: The supplementation with NIT + CM increased maximal speed (Vmax) throughout training and match play. During post-match testing, the NIT + CM group exhibited a significantly smaller decline in mean (Pmean) and minimum (Pmin) power during the WAnT, along with reduced power loss in both the first (0–15 s) and second (15–30 s) intervals. Plasma NO3− concentrations significantly increased from baseline in the NIT + CM group and remained elevated 24 h after the final dose, confirming sustained systemic exposure. Conclusions: Chronic NIT + CM supplementation may enhance Vmax and help preserve anaerobic performance the day after a match. These effects could reflect improved tolerance to high training loads and sustained NO3− availability during recovery. Read More