ABSTRACT
Background
Adherence to time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, is typically high. However, the social, psychological, and environmental factors influencing adherence are unknown. Herein, we examined factors affecting participants’ adherence to early TRE (eTRE) relative to a control schedule and whether they intended to continue practicing TRE after the intervention.
Methods
Ninety adults with obesity were enroled in a weight management programme and randomised to either an eTRE (8-h eating window from 07:00 to 15:00) or a control schedule (≥ 12-h eating window) for 14 weeks. Seventy-one participants (eTRE: n = 34, Control: n = 37) completed exit interviews exploring facilitators and barriers to adherence. Data were evaluated using thematic analysis.
Results
Perceived health benefits, meal planning, reminders, and accountability promoted adherence to the prescribed meal timing interventions. Social relationships, break days, and unstructured or variable routines, particularly on weekends, served as facilitators or barriers, depending on the participant. Disruptions in family and social life were barriers. Most eTRE participants intended to continue practicing TRE after the study concluded, with modifications to better suit their individual circumstances.
Conclusions
Planning meals in advance, setting reminders for when to eat, focusing on health benefits, and accountability help people adhere to eTRE. Strategies to promote adherence should be personalised and address irregular routines, as well as potential challenges to family and social life. Allowing some flexibility in meal timing schedules may also promote long-term sustainability.
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 38, Issue 6, December 2025. Read More