Nutrients, Vol. 16, Pages 4106: Omega-3 Fatty Acids Weaken Lymphocyte Inflammatory Features and Improve Glycemic Control in Nonobese Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu16234106
Authors:
Tiago Bertola Lobato
Elvirah Samantha de Sousa Santos
Patrícia Nancy Iser-Bem
Henrique de Souza Falcão
Gabriela Mandú Gimenes
Janaina Ribeiro Barbosa Pauferro
Glayce Tavares Rodrigues
Ilana Souza Correa
Ana Carolina Gomes Pereira
Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos
João Carlos de Oliveira Borges
Amara Cassandra dos Anjos Alves
Camila Soares dos Santos
Maria Janaina Leite de Araújo
Vinícius Leonardo Sousa Diniz
Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
Tânia Cristina Pithon-Curi
Laureane Nunes Masi
Rui Curi
Sandro Massao Hirabara
Renata Gorjão
Background/Objectives: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats exhibit insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without obesity. This study explored the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on T lymphocyte polarization in Wistar (WT) and GK rats. Methods: They were administered ω-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic (540 mg/g) and docosahexaenoic acids (100 mg/g) by oral gavage at 2 g/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks. The control groups (WT CT and GK CT) received the same volume of water. The following groups were investigated: GK CT, n = 14; GK ω-3, n = 15; Wistar CT, n = 15; and Wistar ω-3, n = 11. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were performed. Fasting plasma insulinemia and glycemia were measured. After euthanasia, the lymphocytes were extracted from the mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: The results showed that GK rats supplemented with FO had significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (kITT). It also promoted greater polarization of lymphocytes toward T regulatory (Treg) features and a reduction in Th1 and Th17 profiles. Additionally, the GK ω-3 group exhibited lower cell proliferation, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased IL-10 levels compared to the GK control. Conclusions: In conclusion, FO supplementation benefited GK rats by improving glucose intolerance, suppressing insulin resistance, and modulating lymphocytes toward Treg polarization.
Background/Objectives: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats exhibit insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without obesity. This study explored the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on T lymphocyte polarization in Wistar (WT) and GK rats. Methods: They were administered ω-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic (540 mg/g) and docosahexaenoic acids (100 mg/g) by oral gavage at 2 g/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks. The control groups (WT CT and GK CT) received the same volume of water. The following groups were investigated: GK CT, n = 14; GK ω-3, n = 15; Wistar CT, n = 15; and Wistar ω-3, n = 11. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were performed. Fasting plasma insulinemia and glycemia were measured. After euthanasia, the lymphocytes were extracted from the mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: The results showed that GK rats supplemented with FO had significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (kITT). It also promoted greater polarization of lymphocytes toward T regulatory (Treg) features and a reduction in Th1 and Th17 profiles. Additionally, the GK ω-3 group exhibited lower cell proliferation, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased IL-10 levels compared to the GK control. Conclusions: In conclusion, FO supplementation benefited GK rats by improving glucose intolerance, suppressing insulin resistance, and modulating lymphocytes toward Treg polarization. Read More