Nutrients, Vol. 17, Pages 3436: Brazilian National School Feeding Program: A Review with Content Analysis of Social Documents Using MaxQda® Software
Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu17213436
Authors:
Ygraine Hartmann
Denise Bomtempo Birche de Carvalho
Renata Puppin Zandonadi
Raquel B. A. Botelho
Rita de Cassia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu
Background: Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) policies in Brazil aim to ensure a broad spectrum of rights and were formulated based on the complex relationship among the State, Society, and Market in the capitalist order. The human right to adequate food (HRAF) is reflected in the guidelines of the National School Feeding Program (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar—PNAE), which is implemented and monitored by the National Education Development Fund (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação—FNDE). The PNAE consolidates part of the strategies adopted by the Brazilian State to combat hunger among children and adolescents and promote healthy habits by offering food in schools. However, there is no recent evaluation on the aspects of management, financing, and monitoring of the PNAE in the Brazilian Federal District. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the debate on health promotion and the right to adequate food by analyzing documents and legislation in force until 2024 related to the PNAE, as well as those that maintain a correlation with food and nutritional security policies in Brazil, verifying the scope and guarantee of rights and their applicability based on a critical analysis of the selected database. Methods: Brazilian official documents and legislation related to FNS and school meals were reviewed for inclusion in the database. The historical-dialectical materialist method was employed for content analysis, and the analyzed documents underwent a critical reading and the coding process, grouping common themes, utilizing MaxQda® software for support. Results: The word cloud (20 words) shows that the document groups emphasize food as a right, with 6038 occurrences found and relating to the “rights” approach with 2365 occurrences found, highlighting words related to FNS policies. Public actions to achieve health and food supply were expressed through the words “public” (381 occurrences) and “DHAA” (510 occurrences). The code cloud highlights social control as the most frequently attributed code in the set of documents, with 105 codified segments, indicating that democratic control and societal participation are crucial for achieving the PNAE’s objectives. Conclusions: The analyses underscored the importance of social control, as evidenced by the exploration of the research corpus and demonstrated in the code cloud. The role of monitoring and social control falls to the School Feeding Council (CAE), being the body responsible for verifying compliance with the Program’s objectives, enabling the adoption of timely measures to correct the PNAE’s course and contribute to achieving its objectives.
Background: Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) policies in Brazil aim to ensure a broad spectrum of rights and were formulated based on the complex relationship among the State, Society, and Market in the capitalist order. The human right to adequate food (HRAF) is reflected in the guidelines of the National School Feeding Program (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar—PNAE), which is implemented and monitored by the National Education Development Fund (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação—FNDE). The PNAE consolidates part of the strategies adopted by the Brazilian State to combat hunger among children and adolescents and promote healthy habits by offering food in schools. However, there is no recent evaluation on the aspects of management, financing, and monitoring of the PNAE in the Brazilian Federal District. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the debate on health promotion and the right to adequate food by analyzing documents and legislation in force until 2024 related to the PNAE, as well as those that maintain a correlation with food and nutritional security policies in Brazil, verifying the scope and guarantee of rights and their applicability based on a critical analysis of the selected database. Methods: Brazilian official documents and legislation related to FNS and school meals were reviewed for inclusion in the database. The historical-dialectical materialist method was employed for content analysis, and the analyzed documents underwent a critical reading and the coding process, grouping common themes, utilizing MaxQda® software for support. Results: The word cloud (20 words) shows that the document groups emphasize food as a right, with 6038 occurrences found and relating to the “rights” approach with 2365 occurrences found, highlighting words related to FNS policies. Public actions to achieve health and food supply were expressed through the words “public” (381 occurrences) and “DHAA” (510 occurrences). The code cloud highlights social control as the most frequently attributed code in the set of documents, with 105 codified segments, indicating that democratic control and societal participation are crucial for achieving the PNAE’s objectives. Conclusions: The analyses underscored the importance of social control, as evidenced by the exploration of the research corpus and demonstrated in the code cloud. The role of monitoring and social control falls to the School Feeding Council (CAE), being the body responsible for verifying compliance with the Program’s objectives, enabling the adoption of timely measures to correct the PNAE’s course and contribute to achieving its objectives. Read More