Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 51, Issue , Page 1-13, January 2026.
Several randomized clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD mortality; however, mixed results have been reported. The objective of this analysis is to quantify the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVD events and CVD mortality in adults. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for randomized placebo-control trials on adults using common keywords related to vitamin D and CVDs. Two reviewers independently extracted data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020165293). One thousand two hundred twenty four abstracts were retrieved, of which 9 (compromising 114 379 participants) were used. This analysis reveals that compared with placebo, vitamin D did not reduce any CVD events (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.88–1.04), CVD mortality (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.871–1.242), myocardial infarction event (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.83–1.11), or myocardial infarction mortality (RR = 1.527, 95%CI: 0.828–2.816). Current evidence does not support the use of vitamin D for the prevention of major cardiovascular events. PROSPERO Registration Number: (CRD42020165293).Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 51, Issue , Page 1-13, January 2026. <br/> Several randomized clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD mortality; however, mixed results have been reported. The objective of this analysis is to quantify the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVD events and CVD mortality in adults. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrial.gov were searched for randomized placebo-control trials on adults using common keywords related to vitamin D and CVDs. Two reviewers independently extracted data. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Data analysis was done using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020165293). One thousand two hundred twenty four abstracts were retrieved, of which 9 (compromising 114 379 participants) were used. This analysis reveals that compared with placebo, vitamin D did not reduce any CVD events (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.88–1.04), CVD mortality (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.871–1.242), myocardial infarction event (RR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.83–1.11), or myocardial infarction mortality (RR = 1.527, 95%CI: 0.828–2.816). Current evidence does not support the use of vitamin D for the prevention of major cardiovascular events. PROSPERO Registration Number: (CRD42020165293). Read More